Inyandiko yanditswe na: NDWANIYE Yvan
Ikibazo cy’imihindagurika y’ikirere, kugeza ubu gihangayikishije abatuye isi bitewe n’ingaruka zikomeye gitera ikiremwa muntu, cyangwa ibinyabuzima muri rusange. Iki kibazo kiraterwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu bikorwa umunsi ku wundi bitewe n’ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere bikacyangiza. Ibi byuka biva mu nganda, bisohorwa n’ibinyabiziga, mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ahandi hatandukanye.
Dushingiye kuri raporo zitandukanye, zigaragaza ko ibihugu byateye imbere ari byo byohereza mu kirere ibyuka ku kigero kiri hejuru. Zigaragaza ko Ubushinwa (CHINA) bwohereza mu kirere imyuka ihumanya ku ijanisha rya 30%, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika (USA) ku ijanisha rya 15%, Ubuhinde (INDIA) ku ijanisha rya 7%, Uburusiya (Russia) ku ijanisha rya 5%, Ubuyapani (JAPAN) ku ijanisha rya 3% ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere bigaragazwa kuri izi raporo ko, ari byo biza mu myanya y’imbere mu kugira uruhare runini kuri iki kibazo.
Izi raporo zigaragaza ko umugabane wa Afrika ari wo wohereza ibyuka bike cyane mu kirere, ku ijanisha riri munsi ya 5% y’ibyuka byoherezwayo.
Hatitawe ku bihugu n’imigabane uko birushanwa mu kohereza ibyuka byangiza ikirere, buri gihugu na buri mugabane bigirwaho n’ingaruka kuko byose bisangiye ikirere, ariko ibihugu by’Afrika cyangwa ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, ni byo bizahazwa cyane ku rwego ruri hejuru n’ingaruka ziterwa n’iki kibazo.
Nk’uko raporo zitandukanya zivuga ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere zibigaragaza, hagenda hagaragara ingaruka nyinshi zitandukanye ku isi, ziterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere bitewe n’ibyuka byoherezwayo. Urugero ni inkongi z’umurimo zigenda ziba ku isi, kuzamuka k’ubushyuhe, amapfa, izuba ryinshi, imyuzure, izamuka ry’amazi y’inyanja, ndetse n’imfu zitewe n’ihumana ry’ikirere.
Dufashe kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2022, ku isi ahantu hatandukanye hagiye hagaragara inkongi z’umuriro, urugero ni muri Australia, Canada, Algeria, Ubutaliyani, ishyamba rya Amazonie, n’ahandi hatandukanye ku isi.
Izi nkongi zose zagiye zigira ingaruka zitandukanye harimo kubura ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, ndetse n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu.
Muri uyu mwaka wa 2022, mu Buhinde mu mugi wa New Delhi, ikirere cyaho cyatewe n’igihu ndetse n’umwuka waho urandura bihagarika ibikorwa bitandukanye, amashuri arafunga, ndetse n’abantu bategekwa kwambara agapfukamunwa.
Mu bijyanye n’ubuzima, umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe ubuzima (OMS/WHO) muri raporo yawo ya 2018 igaragaza ko ku isi abantu bapfa bazize ihumana ry’ikirere baruta abapfa bazize izindi ndwara zitandukanye zigaragara ku isi.
Dushingiye kuri raporo zikorwa n’impuguke mu bijyanye n’ikibazo kihindagurika ry’ikirere, zigaragaza ko hatagize igikorwa ngo iki kibazo kigabanye ubukana, hari aho bizagera bimwe mu binyabuzima bigacika ndetse n’ibice bimwe na bimwe ku isi bikaba byavaho, cyane nk’ibirwa bitewe n’izamuka ry’amazi yo mu Nyanja.
Bitewe n’uburemere bw’iki kibazo n’uburyo kibangamiye abatuye isi, Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN) buri mwaka utegura inama yiga kuri iki kibazo yiswe COP. Uyu mwaka kuva tariki ya 06/11/2022 kugeza tariki 18/11/2022 yabereye i Sharm el-Sheikh mu gihugu cya Misiri (Egypt), yiswe COP27.
Yahuje ibihugu bigera ku 190 bihagarariwe n’abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma, imwe mu myanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama igamije guhangana n’iki kibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, harimo kurinda ko impuzandengo y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi itarenga dogere celcius 1.5 (1.5°C), ugendeye ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe cyariho mbere y’iterambere ry’inganda.
Gufasha mu buryo bw’amafaranga ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bitewe n’uko ari byo bizahazwa cyane n’ingaruka zitewe n’iki kibazo, kubifasha mu bikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga, no kubaka ubushobozi mu bijyanye no guhangana n’iki kibazo, gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu mikoreshereze y’imirasire y’izuba, n’ingufu z’umuyaga, gushyira imbaraga mu gutera amashyamba, gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kurinda imyuzure ndetse n’izindi ngamba zitandukanye zagiye zishyirwaho muri iyi nama.
Ku ruhande rwa Leta y’u Rwanda, Perezida wa Republika Paul Kagame yatangaje muri iyi nama ko mu Rwanda, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hatangijwe ikigega kitwa “IREME INVEST” cyatangiranye amafaranga angana na Miliyoni ijana z’amadorali ($100 Milion) kigamije gutera inkunga imishinga itangiza ibidukikije.
Iki kigega cyaje cyiyongera ku zindi ngamba u Rwanda ruriho rushyira mu bikorwa, zigamije kugabanya ibyuka byangiza ikirere ku kigero cya 38% mu mwaka wa 2030, n’indi mishinga itandukanye rwagiye rushyira mu bikorwa igamije kurengera ibidukikije, irimo nka Green Gicumbi, kwimura abatuye mu bishanga, n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurengera ibidukikije nk’uko imbuga za Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, Ikigo cyita ku Bidukikije, REMA na FONERWA zibigaragaza.
Zimwe mu ngamba impuguke zigaragaza ko zakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, harimo gukoresha ingufu zisubiranya. Urugero ni imirasire y’izuba, ingufu z’umuyaga, Biogaz, hari gutera amashyamba.
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, urugero nk’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi.
Kuhira imyaka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi hatekerezwa ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe, urugero mu bikorwa by’ubwubatsi, mu buhinzi n’ibindi.
Imbuga n’inyandiko wakwisomera zakoreshejwe iyi nyandiko:
https://unfccc.int/cop27
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
https://www.uncclearn.org/wp-content/uploads/library/undp24.pdf
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI5Y7KkLrl-wIVEN7tCh3v_wZOEAAYASAAEgJSjfD_BwE
https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/co2-emissions-by-country/
https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/topics/intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIlZCQgrvl-wIVi9DtCh2Q7gBlEAAYAiAAEgLOyfD_BwE
https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health
http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/
http://www.fonerwa.org/
https://www.environment.gov.rw/
https://www.rema.gov.rw/home
Watanga igitekerezo kuri iyi nkuru cyangwa ukatwandikira kuri E-mail: [email protected]
UMUSEKE.RW
